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Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.

Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of over 7,491 kilometers. It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas department of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. It has borders with all other South American countries apart from Ecuador and Chile.

Much of the climate is tropical, with the south being relatively temperate. The largest river in Brazil is the Amazon, the world's second-longest river and the largest in terms of volume of water. The rainforest that covers the Amazon Basin constitutes almost half of the rainforests on Earth.

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